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Can a Bank Put a Lien on Your Personal Property in Case of Foreclosure?

Written By video massa on Senin, 20 Januari 2014 | 11.55

Can a Bank Put a Lien on Your Personal Property in Case of Foreclosure?

Some state laws allow banks to obtain liens on a borrower's personal property after foreclosure, while other states do not. You will have to check the laws of your particular state to know for certain. Even in those states that allow the lien on personal property, though, the lender must jump through several legal hoops before it can actually obtain or enforce the lien on your personal property.

Mortgage Lien

    When a bank grants a mortgage loan, the bank takes as collateral a lien on the mortgaged real estate. This mortgage lien is a voluntary lien that you give to the lender in the loan documents that you sign at loan closing. At the time of accepting a mortgage loan, you do not, however, grant the lender a voluntary lien on your personal property. This means the lender must take other steps to compel a lien on your personal property.

Deficiency

    In some states, a mortgage lender can foreclose on the mortgaged real estate, and that is the mortgage lender's only legal remedy. Even if the foreclosure sale does not produce enough money to fully pay off the mortgage loan, the borrower walks away without owing any additional money. In other states, however, a lender has a right to sue the borrower for a deficiency remaining after the foreclosure sale. The right to sue for a deficiency is the first step in obtaining a lien against your personal property.

Judgment Lien

    In those states that allow it, a mortgage lender can sue for a deficiency after the foreclosure sale. If the lender is successful in that deficiency lawsuit then the lender will obtain a deficiency judgment, or court order, against you. The judgment orders you, the borrower, to pay the deficiency to the lender. State laws provide that a judgment creditor can use the judgment as a lien on personal property belonging to the judgment debtor. The process for doing this varies from one state to the next. Generally, the lender must obtain an additional order to seize or garnish personal property belonging to the debtor. The seizure or garnishment order is an additional order obtained after the lender obtains the deficiency judgment.

Exemptions

    Most state laws provide important protections, called exemptions, for a certain amount of personal property belonging to the debtor. This means that a mortgage lender with a deficiency judgment and personal property lien cannot enforce that lien against personal property protected by a state exemption law. Most states provide an exemption for your car, your household furnishings, and your work tools and equipment. Across the board, state exemption laws on personal property are fairly minimal, so if you have a lot of valuable personal property or bank accounts the lender will likely be able to enforce the lien on that excess personal property.



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